Restrictions
Excessive transactions and short-term trading can be harmful to fund shareholders in various ways, such as disrupting a fund's portfolio management strategies, increasing a fund's trading and other costs, and negatively affecting its performance. Short-term traders in funds that invest in foreign securities may seek to take advantage of developments overseas that could lead to an anticipated difference between the price of the funds' shares and price movements in foreign markets. While there is no assurance that T.Rowe Price can prevent all excessive and short-term trading, the Boards of the T.Rowe Price Funds have adopted the following trading limits that are designed to deter such activity and protect the funds' shareholders. The funds may revise their trading limits and procedures at any time as the Boards deem necessary or appropriate to better detect short-term trading that may adversely affect the funds, to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, or to impose additional or alternative restrictions. Subject to certain exceptions, each T. Rowe Price Fund restricts a shareholder's purchases (including through exchanges) into a fund account for a period of 30 calendar days after the shareholder has redeemed or exchanged out of that same fund account (the "30-Day Purchase Block"). The calendar day after the date of redemption is considered Day 1 for purposes of computing the period before another purchase may be made.